A REVIEW OF THE EFFECT OF WINEMAKING TECHNIQUES ON PHENOLIC EXTRACTION IN RED WINES
Karna L. Sacchi, Linda F. Bisson and Douglas O. Adams
Winemaking variables and techniques are known to affect the phenolic composition of red wines. This review surveys the current literature on the impact of processing and fermentation parameters on the phenolic profile of the finished wines. Six winemaking variables and techniques have been reported to increase phenolic concentration: fermentation temperature, thermovinification, must freezing, saignée, pectolytic enzyme treatments, and extended maceration. In contrast, sulfur dioxide levels and cold-soak treatments have frequently been shown to have no or little lasting effect or to lead to a decrease in phenolic levels. Finally, carbonic maceration, yeast selection, and skin and juice mixing practices have produced variable results depending on the grape varieties studied. We recommend that you consult the full text of this article, which was originally published in the American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 56: 197-206.
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Alexandra LOWREY, University of Auckland, New Zealand Bruno FEDRIZZI, University of Auckland Rebecca JELLEY, University of Auckland Stuart MORROW, University of Auckland
Parpinello, G.P., Ricci, A., Serantoni, M., Balducci, A., Ragni, L., Versari, A.; University of Bologna, Italy
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Manuel Meneghetti, DSMN, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
The sun, the main natural resource of our planet, has been studied in recent years optimizing materials, technologies and processes to obtain electrical energy thanks to the best renewable and clea...
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